1. Since the status quo, with the rapid development of the national economy, the market demand for molds has continued to increase. In recent years, the mold industry has been developing rapidly at a growth rate of about 15%. All the components of the mold industry have also undergone tremendous changes. In addition to state-owned professional mold factories, collective, joint venture, wholly-owned and private enterprises have also developed rapidly. "Hometown of Moulds" in Ningbo and Huangyan, Zhejiang Province; some large group companies in Guangdong and rapidly rising township enterprises, Kelon, Midea, Konka and other groups have established their own mold manufacturing centers; Sino-foreign joint ventures and wholly foreign-owned mold companies are now There are already thousands. As the pace of international standards continues to accelerate and market competition is intensifying, people have become more aware of the importance of product quality, cost, and the ability to develop new products. And mold manufacturing is one of the most basic elements in the entire chain. Mold manufacturing technology has become an important indicator of the level of a country's manufacturing industry, and it largely determines the space of an enterprise. In recent years, many mold companies have increased their investment in technological progress, and regard technological progress as an important driving force for enterprise development. Some domestic mold companies have popularized 2D CAD, and have begun to use international universal software such as UG, Pro / Engineer, I-DEAS, Euclid-IS, and some manufacturers have also introduced Moldflow, C-Flow, DYNAFORM, Optris, and MAGMASOFT. CAE software and successfully applied in the design of stamping die. The manufacturing technology of large-scale stamping dies represented by automobile cover molds has made great progress, and mold manufacturers such as Dongfeng Motor Company's mold factory and FAW mold center have been able to produce some car cover molds. In addition, many research institutions and colleges and universities carry out research and development of mold technology. After years of efforts, significant progress has been made in mold CAD / CAE / CAM technology; contributions have been made in improving mold quality and shortening mold design and manufacturing cycles. For example, KAS software for automotive panel stamping analysis developed by university automotive panel molding technology, CAD / CAE / CAM software for injection molds, automotive panel molds and progressive molds developed by the State Key Laboratory of Mold Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shanghai The cold stamping dies developed by the National Engineering Research Center of Die CAD of Jiaotong University and the cold stamping dies and fine stamping CAD software developed by the fine stamping research center have many users in the domestic mold industry. Although China's mold industry has achieved remarkable development in the past ten years, there are still large gaps in many aspects compared with industrial developed countries. For example, the proportion of precision processing equipment in mold processing equipment is relatively low; the penetration rate of CAD / CAE / CAM technology is not high; many advanced mold technologies are not widely used, etc., resulting in a considerable part of large, precise, complex and long-life molds Reliance on imports.

      Second, the future development trend of stamping mold manufacturing technology The development of mold technology should serve the requirements of mold products "short delivery time", "high accuracy", "good quality", "low price". To meet this requirement, it is urgent to develop the following items: (1) Fully popularize CAD / CAM / CAE technology mold CAD / CAM / CAE technology is the development direction of mold design and manufacturing. With the development and progress of microcomputer software, the conditions for popularizing CAD / CAM / CAE technology have been basically mature. Enterprises will increase their CAD / CAM technical training and technical services; further expand the scope of application of CAE technology. The development of computers and networks is making it possible for CAD / CAM / CAE technology to be promoted across the industry across regions, enterprises, and institutes, to re-integrate technical resources, and make virtual manufacturing possible. (2) High-speed milling processing The high-speed milling processing developed in foreign countries in recent years has greatly improved processing efficiency and can obtain extremely high surface finish. In addition, high hardness modules can be processed, which also has the advantages of low temperature rise and small thermal deformation. The development of high-speed milling processing technology has injected new vitality into the manufacture of large cavity molds in the automotive and home appliance industries. At present, it has developed towards higher agility, intelligence and integration. (3) Mold scanning and digitizing system The high-speed scanner and mold scanning system provide many functions required from model or physical scanning to processing the desired model, which greatly shortens the development and manufacturing cycle of the mold. Some fast scanning systems can be quickly installed on existing CNC milling machines and machining centers to achieve fast data acquisition, automatically generate machining programs for various different CNC systems, and CAD data in different formats, which are used in the "reverse engineering of mold manufacturing ". The mold scanning system has been successfully applied in automobiles, motorcycles, home appliances and other industries, and it is believed that it will play a greater role during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period. (4) EDM milling EDM milling technology is also called EDM technology. This is a new technology that replaces the traditional cavity processing with formed electrodes. It is a simple tubular electrode with high speed rotation. 3D or 2D contour machining (like CNC milling), so it is no longer necessary to manufacture complex shaped electrodes, which is obviously a major development in the field of EDM machining. Machine tools using this technology have been used in mold processing abroad. This technology is expected to develop. (5) Improving the standardization of molds The standardization of molds in China is constantly improving. It is estimated that the coverage of mold standard parts in China has reached about 30%. About 80% in developed countries abroad. (6) High-quality materials and advanced surface treatment technology It is very necessary to select high-quality steel and apply corresponding surface treatment technology to improve the life of the mold. Whether the heat treatment of the mold and the surface treatment can give full play to the properties of the mold steel material. The development direction of mold heat treatment is to use vacuum heat treatment. In addition to mold surface treatment, advanced technologies such as vapor deposition (TiN, TiC, etc.) and plasma spraying should be developed. (7) Mold grinding and polishing The automation and intelligent mold surface quality have a greater impact on the mold service life and the appearance quality of the part. Research on automatic and intelligent grinding and polishing methods to replace the existing manual operations, to Improving mold surface quality is an important development trend. (8) Development of automatic mold processing system This is the goal of China's long-term development. The automatic mold processing system should have a reasonable combination of multiple machine tools; equipped with an accompanying positioning fixture or positioning disk; a complete numerical control library of tools and tools; a complete numerical control flexible synchronization system; a quality monitoring and control system. The development of CNC engraving machines in China has only been greatly developed in the last one or two years. The relevant processing plants and users always keep a keen eye on the manufacturers' movements. The real reason for not dare to relax. Of course, as a user, you must choose the right equipment. If you choose the wrong equipment, you will not only make money, but will also fall into the bitter situation of working for the machine. So what kind of machine is a good machine? We believe that the definition of a good machine tool is this: a machine tool that can recover its investment in a short period of time is a good machine tool. The design service life of CNC machine tools is generally 7 years, which is mainly based on the service life of CNC machines. The proportional relationship between spending money and earning money will directly affect your business, so careful analysis of function selection is a necessary condition for effective investment. . The term engraving and milling machine (CNC engraving and milling machine) has long been used abroad. Strictly speaking, engraving is a part of milling. Whether to buy an engraving machine or a CNC milling machining center is a question often asked. In addition, there is the currently popular high-speed cutting machine (HSC MACHINE). Let us first figure out the differences between the three models: 1. CNC milling and machining center processing equipment used to complete the workpiece with a larger milling amount; 2. CNC engraving and milling machine used to complete a smaller milling amount, or soft metal processing Equipment 3. High-speed cutting machine tools are used to complete the medium milling amount, and minimize the grinding amount after milling. An in-depth analysis of the structure of the above equipment can help us make the correct choice. Two parts, the moving part and the non-moving part: the table, slide, cross table, etc. are moving parts, and the bed, column, etc. are non-moving parts. 1. CNC milling machining center: The rigidity of the non-moving part requires very good steel. The requirements are very good. Advantages: heavy cutting; disadvantages: because the moving part is also huge, the flexibility of the machine tool is used for small parts and fast feed. 2. The rigidity of the non-moving part of the CNC engraving and milling machine is required to be good. The rigidity of the moving part must be as flexible as possible. It should be as light as possible while maintaining a certain degree of rigidity. Advantages: It can perform relatively fine processing and high processing accuracy. For soft metals, high-speed machining can be performed; disadvantages: heavy cutting is impossible due to poor rigidity. 3. The rigidity of the non-moving part of the high-speed cutting machine is very good. The rigidity of the moving part is better, and it is as lightweight as possible. Advantages: It can perform small and medium amount cutting (for example, a flat bottom cutter of φ10, for a 45 # steel (300), the depth of cut is preferably 0.75); Disadvantages: it can exert high efficiency and low cost under the correct use, so that the amount of grinding is extremely small. Improper use will immediately pile up scraps of tools. The key to how to achieve the contradictory requirements of lightness, rigidity and goodness mechanically lies in the effort of the mechanical structure. 1. The bed body uses a mesh structure with high and low ribs, and some directly use a honeycomb connected hexagonal mesh structure. 2. Ultra-wide columns and beams. Everyone knows that the gantry structure has excellent symmetry and Excellent rigidity has been selected as the preferred structure by high-speed cutting equipment manufacturers. 3. The moving part is significantly different from NC milling in that it widens the distance between many guide rails and guide rails to overcome the problem of bad torque. 4. In terms of materials, Mihana cast iron is generally used, which is also the birth of cast iron. When pouring molten iron, a certain proportion of silicon (Si) is added to change the internal structure of the iron, making it more resistant to stamping and significantly improving rigidity. . 5. The rigidity of the machine tool is mainly used to overcome the strong impact of the moving part on the non-moving part during high-speed movement. Therefore, the guide rails and lead screws are required to be thicker, and the rigidity of the connecting part is strengthened. 2. Analysis from the CNC angle 1. CNC milling center The CNC system requires a normal speed. The spindle speed is about 0-8000RPM. 2. The engraving and milling machine requires a high-speed CNC system. The spindle speed is about 3000-30000RPM. 3. The high-speed cutting machine requires a high-speed CNC system and excellent servo motor characteristics. The spindle speed is 1500. -30000RPM or so. Analysis on programming software. From a software perspective, CNC milling and machining centers, high-speed cutting machine engraving and milling machines can use standard CAD / CAM software such as: MasterCam Cimatron PE UG, etc. Milling machines usually think that Cimatron tools are better. The new version of the software fully considers the uniformity of the cutting amount of the tool at all times, especially the speed and nature of the moment the tool enters and exits the work, and the follow-up difference algorithm at the inflection point ( following Error) to make the results and design graphics more closely attached. The CAD part has just adopted a large number of intuitive 3D solid modeling such as Solidworks and then transferred to CAM software for processing through IGS. But don't worry, the development speed of CAD / CAM is much faster than that of machine tool CNC. The engraving process has a rather fine angle control due to the special characteristics of its tool, it is better to use TYPE3. 4. Automatic tool change and automatic tool setting required by the tool magazine The machining center is a decent term, but I think the requirements for the tool magazine must be combined with reality. The machining center is to complete a variety of processes in the automatic state of the numerical control equipment, mainly for some fixed high-volume production operations, if we process a box with a lot of holes, teeth, and to do the same every day (a batch of minimum 2 (More than a hundred), then you must choose a machining center. For the mold industry and small batch production units, do not go to the machining center every time, because you have seen too many manufacturers buy machining centers. When CNC milling is used, tool magazines are used to control the CNC. The cost of the system is very simple, but the spindle and tool magazine, air compressor, and various tool holders will increase costs, so the difference for a device is more than 100,000 yuan, and the programmer needs to be mindful. Otherwise tragedy will happen and the problem will increase a lot. In terms of efficiency, it is not as efficient to use a machining center for less than one or two hundred pieces of the same variety. The efficiency is too low. Is there any good way to improve the efficiency, without using the tool magazine, and will not cause the tool change error, only automatic tool setting system, the tool is installed up, a button, the machine tool automatic tool setting, direct processing, the error is 0.001- In .0003μm, compared with the automatic change time, it can not be a bit slower. If it is a machining center without automatic tool setting device, compared with a machine without automatic tool setting, the efficiency of the latter in practice is much higher than the former. Fortunately, please note that the price of the best brand of automatic tool setting equipment (Marposs) is only about 10,000 yuan, and it is unlikely to be damaged. Therefore, if you analyze the domestic mold processing of large labor force and the processing of small batch industrial parts, Full consideration of the utilization value of funds must not use machining center equipment. In addition, the tool magazines of domestic manufacturers basically have many problems. Imports are also quite expensive. (BT40's 10 tool magazines will not be less than 100,000 RMB). Fifth, high-speed cutting equipment savvy processors will certainly consider a lot of time for machine tool preparation time and human losses caused by human factors, we do not need to remind them in this regard. And what we should do is to give them higher processing efficiency from the processing time of the machine tools, and to reduce their grinding time. Even zero sanding. The sparkling debut of high-speed cutting equipment is an event that thrills processors. Do n’t think about its expensive construction (about 1.5 million), I think it must be the old saying from the point of use: it is a fragrant piece of meat for some people, and a highly poisonous poison for others , Japanese and Europeans spare no effort to promote the benefits of high-speed cutting and let people adopt their equipment. Of course, it is not practical. Eight years of practical experience in the CNC machine tool industry tells me that their cost should be around 600,000-700,000. Such high profit margins let me see their essence. The gross profit of domestic CNC machine tools should be between (30-40%). This is a reasonable, honest profit. If you want them to be highly profitable, I think it is impossible to make more money at the same time. More consideration should be given to after-sales service and so on. I can't believe their service can solve all problems in 1-2 days. Because our existing technology can not achieve solid-state fax. From the perspective of revitalizing national industry, the development of domestic machine tool factories should be supported. The essence of high-speed cutting is to finish the length of the tool in a short time. Everyone knows that the description of the distance = speed × time tool has been fixed. The cutting method of the country is determined to be long, which means that it is not profitable to increase the speed is to shorten the time. High-speed cutting is not necessarily good because of the spindle of the current machine tool and the tools used. At present, the common practice abroad is that the first device does not use high-speed cutting, and the second or third can consider Kind of equipment. Successful practices, for example: 1 copy milling finishes most of the cutting amount (heavy cutting) and the machining allowance is 2-3mm, and the remaining cutting amount is quickly completed on the high-speed machine. )There are many heavy-cutting machine tools, and the processing cost is very low. 2) The processing volume is large, the accuracy requirements are not high, and it is easy to achieve. 3) The tool is cheap. 5) Fast and accurate forming 6) Free from too much grinding and accurate size 7) Although the tool is expensive, but the time is short, the cutting amount is not large, and the performance price ratio is very good 8) Many nuances, such as small angle conductivity, etc. The processing is completed in one pass without the help of electric sparks. 9) Excellent surface finish (mirror effect) So it seems that the coordination of the equipment is the way to win. Because its remaining amount is 2-3 mm, it is on the workbench. Two calibrating G54 baffles on the upper XY can complete the problem of workpiece clamping, and for the workpiece with a small amount of cutting, it is directly completed on the high-speed machine. Sixth, there is another problem to discuss is the problem of the spindle. For CNC milling and machining centers because of low torque and large torque, it is necessary to reduce the speed of the spindle gearbox to increase the torque. The speed is low and the accuracy is inevitable. So it is unlikely to use a small radius tool. For the engraving and milling machine, the spindle can only work at 20,000 to 30,000 RPM, and the rotation accuracy is generally about 2 μ, otherwise the knife breakage is very serious, so the electric spindle must be used, that is, the motor and the spindle are integrated. For high-speed cutting equipment, a built-in electric spindle is required, and at a low speed, a certain torque is required to have a cooler to keep the spindle working temperature constant. The spindle power must be above 7.5-8KW, and the speed must exceed 25000RPM.

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